ABSTRACT

Solvent substitution in the workplace : development of a tool for intervention

Solvents are among the toxic agents that occur most frequently in the workplace. Substitution may help replace a toxic or flammable solvent by a less dangerous substance. It may also consist of a process change eliminating the use of the solvent. Substitution is increasingly motivated by environmental concerns (ozone layer depletion, photochemical smog). The objective of this study was to critically review the current knowledge on solvent substitution. A survey of the industrial sector in Québec permitted to identify priority needs for solvent substitution (painting, printing, glueing, metal cleaning and degreasing, paint stripping, reinforced polyesters). The critical factors in a substitution analysis are : occupational health and safety, environmental concerns, technical feasibility, costs, human and organizational factors. A comparative analysis of hazards due to substances or processes is necessary but may be complex. The various solutions documented in the technical and scientific literature are presented for the principal uses. The main solutions consist of the use of alkaline cleaners, terpenes, dibasic esters, vegetable oil derived esters, oxygenated solvents in general, water-based or powder coatings and physical cleaning and stripping methods. Actual cases of solvent substitution are presented in detail. A valid preventive approach implies that all prevention methods be considered globally.